Gait & Posture
Volume 31, Issue 3 , Pages 326-330 , March 2010

Effects of a secondary task on postural control in children with Tourette syndrome

  • Martin Lemay

      Affiliations

    • Centre de réadaptation Marie Enfant. CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
    • Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
    • Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Laboratoire du Mouvement et de la Cognition, Centre de Réadaptation Marie Enfant, Centre de Recherche, 5200 Bélanger Est, H1T 1C9, Montréal, Canada. Tel.: +1 514 374 1710#8184; fax: +1 514 723 7116.
  • ,
  • Thanh-Thuan Lê

      Affiliations

    • Centre de réadaptation Marie Enfant. CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
  • ,
  • François Richer

      Affiliations

    • Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
    • Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
  • ,
  • The Montreal Tourette Study Group

Received 14 January 2009 ,Revised 3 November 2009 ,Accepted 25 November 2009.

References 

  1. Leckman JF. Tourette's syndrome. Lancet. 2002;360:1577–1586
  2. Robertson MM. Tourette syndrome associated conditions and the complexities of treatment. Brain. 2000;123:425–462
  3. Hong KE, Ock SM, Kang MH, Kim CE, Bae JN, Lim MK, et al. The segmented regional volumes of the cerebrum and cerebellum in boys with Tourette syndrome. J Korean Med Sci. 2002;17:530–536
  4. Hyde TM, Stacey ME, Coppola R, Handel SF, Rickler KC, Weinberger DR. Cerebral morphometric abnormalities in Tourette's syndrome: a quantitative MRI study of monozygotic twins. Neurology. 1995;45:1176–1182
  5. Peterson B, Riddle MA, Cohen DJ, Katz LD, Smith JC, Hardin MT, et al. Reduced basal ganglia volumes in Tourette's syndrome using three-dimensional reconstruction techniques from magnetic resonance images. Neurology. 1993;43:941–949
  6. Singer HS, Reiss AL, Brown JE, Aylward EH, Shih B, Chee E, et al. Volumetric MRI changes in basal ganglia of children with Tourette's syndrome. Neurology. 1993;43:950–956
  7. Malison RT, McDougle CJ, van Dyck CH, Scahill L, Baldwin RM, Seibyl JP, et al. [123I]beta-CIT SPECT imaging of striatal dopamine transporter binding in Tourette's disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1995;152:1359–1361
  8. Wolf SS, Jones DW, Knable MB, Gorey JG, Lee KS, Hyde TM, et al. Tourette syndrome: prediction of phenotypic variation in monozygotic twins by caudate nucleus D2 receptor binding. Science. 1996;273:1225–1227
  9. Diler RS, Reyhanli M, Toros F, Kibar M, Avci A. Tc-99m-ECD SPECT brain imaging in children with Tourette's syndrome. Yonsei Med J. 2002;43:403–410
  10. Buckingham D, Gaffney GR, Preston DF, Sieg KG. Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT brain imaging of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. Clin Nucl Med. 1993;18:255
  11. Lemay M, Termoz N, Lesperance P, Chouinard S, Rouleau GA, Richer F. Postural control anomalies in children with Tourette syndrome. Exp Brain Res. 2007;179:525–530
  12. Shumway-Cook A, Woollacott MH. The growth of stability: postural control from a development perspective. J Mot Behav. 1985;17:131–147
  13. Hay L, Redon C. Development of postural adaptation to arm raising. Exp Brain Res. 2001;139:224–232
  14. Kirshenbaum N, Riach CL, Starkes JL. Non-linear development of postural control and strategy use in young children: a longitudinal study. Exp Brain Res. 2001;140:420–431
  15. Baumberger B, Isableu B, Flückiger M. The visual control of stability in children and adults: postural readjustments in a ground optical flow. Exp Brain Res. 2004;159:33–46
  16. Assaiante C, Mallau S, Viel S, Joyer M, Schmitz C. Development of postural control in healthy children: a functional approach. Neural Plast. 2005;12:109–118
  17. Itoh T, Kimura T, Hayasaka Y, Ohshima H, Kanai N, Yamazaki K. Evaluation of the developmental process of postural control during school age using sway velocity. J Adv Sci. 2005;17:209–212
  18. Schmid M, Conforto S, Lopez L, Renzi P, D’alessio T. The development of postural strategies in children: a factorial design study. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2005;2:29
  19. Godoi D, Barela JA. Body sway and sensory motor coupling adaptation in children: effects of distance manipulation. Dev Psychobiol. 2008;50:77–87
  20. Woollacott MH, Shumway-Cook A. Attention and the control of posture and gait: a review of an emerging area of research. Gait Posture. 2002 Aug;16(1):1–14
  21. Blanchard Y, Carey S, Coffey J, Cohen A, Harris T, Michlik S, et al. The influence of concurrent cognitive tasks on postural sway in children. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2005;17:189–193
  22. Olivier I, Cuisinier C, Vaugoyeau M, Nougier V, Assaiante C. Dual-task study of cognitive and postural interference in 7-year olds and adults. Neuroreport. 2007;18:817
  23. Reilly DS, van Donkelaar P, Saavedra S, Woollacott MH. Interaction between the development of postural control and the executive function of attention. J Mot Behav. 2008;40:90–102
  24. Fraizer EV, Mitra S. Methodological and interpretive issues in posture-cognition dual-tasking in upright stance. Gait Posture. 2008;27:271–279
  25. The Tourette Syndrome Classification Study Group. Definitions and classification of tic disorders. The Tourette Syndrome Classification Study Group. Arch Neurol. 1993;50:1013–1016
  26. Leckman JF, Riddle MA, Hardin MT, Ort SI, Swartz KL, Stevenson J, et al. The yale global tic severity scale: initial testing of a clinician-rated scale of tic severity. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1989;28:566–573
  27. Goodman WK, Price LH, Rasmussen SA, Mazure C, Fleischmann RL, Hill CL, et al. The yale-brown obsessive–compulsive scale. I. Development, use, and reliability. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989;46:1006–1011
  28. Eklund G, Lofstedt L . Bio-mechanical analysis of balance. Biomed Eng. 1970;5:333–337
  29. Cherng RJ, Lee HY, Su FC. Frequency spectral characteristics of standing balance in children and young adults. Med Eng Phys. 2003;25:509–515
  30. Lafond D, Corriveau H, Hébert R, Prince F. Intrasession reliability of center of pressure measures of postural steadiness in healthy elderly people. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;85:896–901
  31. Raymakers JA, Samson MM, Verhaar HJ. The assessment of body sway and the choice of the stability parameter(s). Gait Posture. 2005;21:48–58
  32. Riach CL, Starkes JL. Velocity of centre of pressure excursions as an indicator of postural control system in children. Gait Posture. 1994;2:167–172
  33. LeClair K, Riach C. Postural stability measures: what to measure and for how long?. Clin Biomech. 1996;11:176–178
  34. Laufer Y, Ashkenazi T, Josman N. The effects of a concurrent cognitive task on the postural control of young children with and without developmental coordination disorder. Gait Posture. 2008;27:347–351
  35. Jamet M, Deviterne D, Gauchard GC, Vançon G, Perrin PP. Age-related part taken by attentional cognitive processes in standing postural control in a dual-task context. Gait Posture. 2007;25:179–184
  36. Marchese R, Bove M, Abbruzzese G. Effect of cognitive and motor tasks on postural stability in Parkinson's disease: a posturographic study. Mov Disord. 2003;18:652–658
  37. van Woerkom TC, Roos RA, van Dijk JG. Altered attentional processing of background stimuli in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: a study in auditory event-related potentials evoked in an oddball paradigm. Acta Neurol Scand. 1994;90:116–123
  38. Johannes S, Wieringa BM, Nager W, Müller-Vahl KR, Dengler R, Münte TF. Electrophysiological measures and dual-task performance in Tourette syndrome indicate deficient divided attention mechanisms. Eur J Neurol. 2001;8:253–260
  39. Wickens CD . Temporal limits of human information processing: a developmental study. Psychol Bull. 1974;81:739–755
  40. Donker SF, Roerdink M, Greven AJ, Beek PJ. Regularity of center-of-pressure trajectories depends on the amount of attention invested in postural control. Exp Brain Res. 2007;181:1–11
  41. Olivier I, Palluel E, Nougier V. Effects of attentional focus on postural sway in children and adults. Exp Brain Res. 2008;185:341–345
  42. Swain JE, Scahill L, Lombroso PJ, King RA, Leckman JF. Tourette syndrome and tic disorders: a decade of progress. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007 Aug;46(8):947–968
  43. Shink E, Sidibé M, Smith Y. Efferent connections of the internal globus pallidus in the squirrel monkey: II. Topography and synaptic organization of pallidal efferents to the pedunculopontine nucleus. J Comp Neurol. 1997;382:348–363
  44. Visser JE, Bloem BR. Role of basal ganglia in balance control. Neural Plast. 2005;12:263–272

PII: S0966-6362(09)00669-9

doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.11.017

Gait & Posture
Volume 31, Issue 3 , Pages 326-330 , March 2010