Gait & Posture
Volume 31, Issue 4 , Pages 407-414 , April 2010

Bilateral balance impairments after lateral ankle trauma: A systematic review and meta-analysis

  • Erik A. Wikstrom

      Affiliations

    • Biodynamics Research Laboratory, Kinesiology Department, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223, United States
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1 704 687 3764; fax: +1 704 687 3350.
  • ,
  • Sagar Naik

      Affiliations

    • Applied Physiology and Kinesiology Department, University of Florida, United States
  • ,
  • Neha Lodha

      Affiliations

    • Applied Physiology and Kinesiology Department, University of Florida, United States
  • ,
  • James H. Cauraugh

      Affiliations

    • Applied Physiology and Kinesiology Department, University of Florida, United States

Received 6 March 2009 ,Revised 9 December 2009 ,Accepted 5 February 2010.

References 

  1. Hertel J. Functional anatomy, pathomechanics, and pathophysiology of lateral ankle instability. J Athl Train. 2002;37:364–375
  2. Anandacoomarasamy A, Barnsley L. Long term outcomes of inversion ankle injuries. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39:e14
  3. Hertel J. Sensorimotor deficits with ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability. Clin Sports Med. 2008;27:353–370
  4. Wikstrom EA, Bishop MD, Inamdar AD, Hass CJ. Gait termination control strategies are altered in chronic ankle instability subjects. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42:197–205
  5. McKeon PO, Hertel J. Systematic review of postural control and lateral ankle instability. Part 1: Can deficits be detected with instrumented testing?. J Athl Train. 2008;43:293–304
  6. Wikstrom EA, Naik S, Lodha N, Cauraugh JH. Balance capabilities after lateral ankle trauma and intervention: a meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;
  7. Arnold BL, De La Motte S, Linens S, Ross SE. Ankle instability is associated with balance impairments: a meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41:1048–1062
  8. Munn J, Sullivan SJ, Schneiders AG. Evidence of sensorimotor deficits in functional ankle instability. J Sci Med Sport. 2010;13:2–12
  9. Akbari M, Karimi H, Farahini H, Faghihzadeh S. Balance problems after unilateral ankle sprains. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2006;43:819–824
  10. Bernier JN, Perrin DH, Rijke A. Effect of unilateral functional instability of the ankle on postural sway and inversion and eversion strength. J Athl Train. 1997;32:226–232
  11. Bullock-Saxon J. Sensory changes associated with severe ankle sprain. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1995;27:161–167
  12. Bullock-Saxton JE. Local sensation changes and altered hip muscle function following severe ankle sprain. Phys Ther. 1994;74:17–31
  13. Cornwall MW, Murrell P. Postural sway following inversion sprain of the ankle. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 1991;81:243–247
  14. Docherty CL, Valocich McLeod TC, Shultz SJ. Postural control deficits in participants with functional ankle instability as measured by the balance error scoring system. Clin J Sports Med. 2006;16:203–208
  15. Evans T, Hertel J, Sebastianelli W. Bilateral deficits in postural control following lateral ankle sprain. Foot Ankle Int. 2004;25:833–839
  16. Forkin DM, Koczur C, Battle R, Newton RA. Evaluation of kinesthetic deficits indicative of balance control in gymnasts with unilateral chronic ankle sprains. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1996;23:245–250
  17. Friden T, Zattestrom R, Lindstrand A, Mortiz U. A stabilometric technique for evaluation of lower limb instabilities. Am J Sports Med. 1989;17:118–122
  18. Garn SN, Newton RA. Kinesthetic awareness in subjects with multiple ankle sprains. Phys Ther. 1988;68:1667–1671
  19. Goldie PA, Evans OM, Bach TM. Postural control following inversion injuries of the ankle. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994;75:969–975
  20. Golomer E, Dupui P, Bessou P. Spectral frequency analysis of dynamic balance in healthy and injured athletes. Arch Int Physiol Biochim Biophys. 1994;102:225–229
  21. Hertel J. Functional instability following lateral ankle sprain. Sports Med. 2000;29:361–371
  22. Hertel J, Buckley WE, Denegar CR. Serial testing of postural control after acute lateral ankle sprain. J Athl Train. 2001;36
  23. Hertel J, Olmsted-Kramer LC. Deficits in time-to-boundary measures of postural control with chronic ankle instability. Gait Posture. 2007;25:33–39
  24. Hiller CE, Refshauge KM, Herbert RD, Kilbreath SL. Balance and recovery from a perturbation are impaired in people with functional ankle instability. Clin J Sports Med. 2007;17
  25. Hubbard TJ, Kramer LC, Denegar CR, Hertel J. Contributing factors to chronic ankle instability. Foot Ankle Int. 2007;28:343–354
  26. Isakov E, Mizrahi J. Is balance impaired by recurrent sprained ankle?. Br J Sports Med. 1997;78:65–67
  27. Laufer Y, Rotem-Lehrer N, Ronen Z, Khayutin G, Rozenberg I. Effect of attention focus on acquisition and retention of postural control following ankle sprain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007;88:105–108
  28. Leanderson J, Eriksson E, Nilsson C, Wykman A. Proprioception in classical ballet dancers: a prospective study of the influence of an ankle sprain on proprioception in the ankle joint. Am J Sports Med. 1996;24:370–374
  29. McKeon PO, Hertel J. Systematic review of postural control and lateral ankle instability. Part 2: Is balance training clinically effective?. J Athl Train. 2008;43:305–315
  30. McKeon PO, Hertel J. Spatiotemporal postural control deficits are present in those with chronic ankle instability. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2008;9
  31. Nakagawa L, Hoffman M. Performance in static, dynamic, and clinical tests of postural control in individuals with recurrent ankle sprains. J Sports Rehabil. 2004;13:255–268
  32. Perrin PP, Bene MC, Perrin CA, Durupt D. Ankle trauma significantly impairs posture control—a study in basketball players and controls. Int J Sports Med. 1997;18:387–392
  33. Perron M, Hebert LJ, McFayden BJ, Belzile S, Regniere M. The ability of the biodex stability system to distinguish level of function in subjects with a second-degree ankle sprain. Clin Rehabil. 2007;21:73–81
  34. Riemann B. Is there a link between chronic ankle instability and postural instability?. J Athl Train. 2002;37:386–393
  35. Rose A, Lee RJ, Williams RM, Thomason LC, Forsyth A. Functional instability in non-contact ankle ligament injuries. Br J Sports Med. 2000;34:352–358
  36. Ross SE, Guskiewicz KM. Examination of static and dynamic postural stability in individuals with functionally stable and unstable ankles. Clin J Sports Med. 2004;14:332–338
  37. Rotem-Lehrer N, Laufer Y. Effect of focus of attention on transfer of a postural control task following an ankle sprain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2007;37:564–569
  38. Santos MJ, Liu W. Possible factors related to functional ankle instability. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2008;38:150–157
  39. Tropp H, Ekstrand J, Gillquist J. Stabilometry in functional instability of the ankle and its value in predicting injury. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1984;16:64–66
  40. Mitchell A, Dyson R, Hale T, Abraham C. Biomechanics of ankle instability. Part 2: Postural sway–reaction time relationship. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40:1522–1528
  41. Lee AJY, Lin WH, Huang CH. Impaired proprioception and poor static postural control in subjects with functional instability of the ankle. J Exerc Sci Fit. 2006;4:117–125
  42. Hale SA, Hertel J, Olmsted-Kramer LC. The effect of a 4-week comprehensive rehabilitation program on postural control and lower extremity function in individuals with chronic ankle instability. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2007;37:303–311
  43. Rozzi SL, Lephart SM, Sterner R, Kuligowski L. Balance training for person with functionally unstable ankles. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1999;29:478–486
  44. Higgins JPT, Green S. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions 4.2.6. Chichester: Wiley; 2006;[updated september 2006]
  45. Rosenthal R. Writing meta-analytic reviews. Psychiatry Bull. 1995;118:638–641
  46. Hedges LV, Olkin I. Statistical methods for meta-analysis. Orlando: Academic Press; 1985;
  47. Rosenthal R, DiMatteo MR. Meta-analysis: recent developments in quantitative methods for literature reviews. Annu Rev Psychol. 2001;52:59–82
  48. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavior sciences. Hillside, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates; 1988;
  49. In:  Rothstein HR,  Sutton AJ,  Borenstein M editor. Publication bias in meta-analysis: prevention, assessment, and adjustments. Chichester: Wiley; 2005;
  50. Rosenthal R. The “file drawer problem” and tolerance for null results. Psychiatry Bull. 1979;86:638–641
  51. Bullock-Saxton JE, janda V, Bullock MI. The influence of ankle sprain injury on muscle activation during hip extension. Int J Sports Med. 1994;15:330–334
  52. Caulfield B, Crammond T, O'Sullivan A, Reynolds S, Ward T. Altered ankle-muscle activation during jump landing in participants with functional instability of the ankle joint. J Sport Rehabil. 2004;13:189–200
  53. Caulfield B, Garrett M. Functional instability of the ankle: differences in patterns of ankle and knee movement prior to and post landing in a single leg jump. Int J Sports Med. 2002;23:64–68
  54. Delahunt E, Monaghan K, Caulfield B. Changes in lower limb kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity in subjects with functional instability of the ankle joint during a single leg drop jump. J Orthop Res. 2002;24:1991–2000
  55. Delahunt EMK, Caulfield B. Altered neuromuscular control and ankle joint kinematics during walking in subjects with functional instability of the ankle joint. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34:1970–1976
  56. Friel K, McLean N, Myers C, Caceres M. Ipsilateral hip abductor weakness after inversion ankle sprain. J Athl Train. 2006;41:74–78
  57. Gribble PA, Hertel J, Denegar CR. Chronic ankle instability and fatigue create proximal joint alterations during performance of the star excursion balance test. Int J Sports Med. 2007;28:236–242
  58. Monaghan K, Delahunt E, Caulfield B. Ankle function during gait in patients with chronic ankle instability compared to controls. Clin Biomech. 2006;21:168–174
  59. Nicholas JA, Strizak AM, Veras G. A study of thigh muscle weakness in different patholgical states of the lower extremity. Am J Sports Med. 1976;4:241–248
  60. Sedory EJ, McVey ED, Cross KM, Ingersoll CD, Hertel J. Arthrogenic muscle response of the quadriceps and hamstrings with chronic ankle instability. J Athl Train. 2007;42:355–360
  61. Hertel J. Sensorimotor deficits with ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability. Clin Sports Med. 2008;27:353–370vii
  62. McGuine TA, Keene JS. The effect of a balance training program on the risk of ankle sprains in high school athletes. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34:1103–1111
  63. Wang HK, Chen CH, Shiang TY, Jan MH, Lin KH. Risk-factor analysis of high school basketball-player ankle injuries: a prospective controlled cohort study evaluating postural sway, ankle strength, and flexibility. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;87:821–825
  64. Kramer LC, Denegar CR, Buckley WE, Hertel J. Factors associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury: history in female athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fit. 2007;47:446–454
  65. Bahr R, Lian O, Bahr IA. A twofold reduction in the incidence of acute ankle sprains in volleyball after the introduction of an injury prevention program: a prospective cohort study. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1997;7:172–177
  66. McKeon PO, Ingersoll CD, Kerrigan DC, Saliba E, Bennett BC, Hertel J. Balance training improves function and postural control in those with chronic ankle instability. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40:1810–1819
  67. Emery C, Rose M, McAllister J, Meeuwisse W. A prevention strategy to reduce the incidence of injury in high school basketball: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Clin J Sports Med. 2007;17:17–24
  68. Holme E, Magnusson SP, Becher K, Bieler T, Aargaar P, Kjar M. The effect of supervised rehabilitation on strength, postural sway, position sense and reinjury risk after acute ankle ligament sprain. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1999;9:104–109
  69. McHugh M, Tyler T, Mirabella M, Mullany M, Nicholas S. The effectiveness of a balance training intervention in reducing the incidence of noncontact ankle sprains in high school football players. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35:1289–1294
  70. Beck S, Taube W, Gruber M, Amtage F, Gollhofer A, Schubert M. Task-specific changes in motor evoked potentials of lower limb muscles after different training interventions. Brain Res. 2007;1179:51–60
  71. Gruber M, Taube W, Gollhofer A, Beck S, Amtage F, Schubert M. Training-specific adaptations of h- and stretch reflexes in human soleus muscle. J Mot Behav. 2007;39
  72. Taube W, Gruber M, Beck S, Faist M, Gollhofer A, Schubert M. Cortical and spinal adaptations induced by balance training: correlation between stance stability and corticospinal activation. Acta Physiol (Oxford). 2007;189
  73. Taube W, Kullmann N, Leukel C, Kurz O, Amtage F, Gollhofer A. Differential reflex adaptations following sensorimotor and strength training in young elite athletes. Int J Sports Med. 2007;28:999–1005

PII: S0966-6362(10)00044-5

doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.02.004

Gait & Posture
Volume 31, Issue 4 , Pages 407-414 , April 2010