Gait & Posture
Volume 31, Issue 4 , Pages 489-494 , April 2010

Reproducibility and validity of video screen measurements of gait in children with spastic cerebral palsy

  • Sebastian Grunt

      Affiliations

    • Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • Department of Child Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author at: Department of Child Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, 3015 Bern, Switzerland. Tel.: +41 32 632 94 24; fax: +41 31 632 95 00.
  • ,
  • Petra J. van Kampen

      Affiliations

    • Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  • ,
  • Marjolein M. van der Krogt

      Affiliations

    • Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • Research Institute MOVE, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  • ,
  • Merel-Anne Brehm

      Affiliations

    • Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • Research Institute MOVE, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  • ,
  • Caroline A.M. Doorenbosch

      Affiliations

    • Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • Research Institute MOVE, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  • ,
  • Jules G. Becher

      Affiliations

    • Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Received 11 May 2009 ,Revised 4 February 2010 ,Accepted 14 February 2010.

References 

  1. Narayanan UG. The role of gait analysis in the orthopaedic management of ambulatory cerebral palsy. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2007;19:38–43
  2. Gage JR, Novacheck TF. An update on the treatment of gait problems in cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2001;10:265–274
  3. Novacheck TF, Gage JR. Orthopedic management of spasticity in cerebral palsy. Childs Nerv Syst. 2007;23:1015–1031
  4. Read HS, Hazlewood ME, Hillman SJ, Prescott RJ, Robb JE. Edinburgh visual gait score for use in cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop. 2003;23:296–301
  5. Corry IS, Cosgrove AP, Duffy CM, McNeill S, Taylor TC, Graham HK. Botulinum toxin A compared with stretching casts in the treatment of spastic equinus: a randomised prospective trial. J Pediatr Orthop. 1998;18:304–311
  6. Dickens WE, Smith MF. Validation of a visual gait assessment scale for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Gait Posture. 2006;23:78–82
  7. Mackey AH, Lobb GL, Walt SE, Stott NS. Reliability and validity of the observational gait scale in children with spastic diplegia. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2003;45:4–11
  8. Maathuis KG, van der Schans CP, van Iperen A, Rietman HS, Geertzen JH. Gait in children with cerebral palsy: observer reliability of physician rating scale and Edinburgh visual gait analysis interval testing scale. J Pediatr Orthop. 2005;25:268–272
  9. Kawamura CM, de Morais MC, Barreto MM, Asa AKD, Juliano Y, Novo NF. Comparison between visual and three-dimensional gait analysis in patients with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Gait Posture. 2007;25:18–24
  10. Hillman SJ, Hazlewood ME, Schwartz MH, van der Linden ML, Robb JE. Correlation of the Edinburgh gait score with the Gillette gait index, the Gillette functional assessment questionnaire, and dimensionless speed. J Pediatr Orthop. 2007;27:7–11
  11. Gissot AS, Barbieri G, Iacobelis M, Paindavoine M, Perennou D. Measuring trunk orientation with a CMOS camera: feasibility and accuracy. Gait Posture. 2007;26:603–606
  12. McLean SG, Walker K, Ford KR, Myer GD, Hewett TE, van den Bogert AJ. Evaluation of a two dimensional analysis method as a screening and evaluation tool for anterior cruciate ligament injury. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39:355–362
  13. Out L, Harlaar J, Doorenbosch C. (TELE)MoXie Viewer—XML-based sharing of movement analysis results. Gait Posture. 2006;24(Suppl. 2):136–137
  14. Kiernan D, Walsh M, O'sullivan , Ryan , Dunlevy , O’Brien . Validity of a commercial video software package for recording sagittal plane movements during gait. Gait Posture. 2008;28(Suppl. 2):32–33
  15. Palisano R, Rosenbaum P, Walter S, Russell D, Wood E, Galuppi B. Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1997;39:214–223
  16. Van der Krogt MM, Doorenbosch CA, Harlaar J. The effect of walking speed on hamstrings length and lengthening velocity in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Gait Posture. 2009;
  17. Cappozzo A, Della CU, Leardini A, Chiari L. Human movement analysis using stereophotogrammetry. Part 1: Theoretical background. Gait Posture. 2005;21:186–196
  18. Cappozzo A, Catani F, Croce UD, Leardini A. Position and orientation in space of bones during movement: anatomical frame definition and determination. Clin Biomech. 1995;10:171–178
  19. Roebroeck ME, Harlaar J, Lankhorst GJ. The application of generalizability theory to reliability assessment: an illustration using isometric force measurements. Phys Ther. 1993;73:386–395
  20. de Vet HC, Terwee CB, Knol DL, Bouter LM. When to use agreement versus reliability measures. J Clin Epidemiol. 2006;59:1033–1039
  21. Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet. 1986;1:307–310
  22. McGinley JL, Baker R, Wolfe R, Morris ME. The reliability of three-dimensional kinematic gait measurements: a systematic review. Gait Posture. 2009;29:360–369
  23. Brehm MA, Knol D, Harlaar J. Study design considerations for improving the reproducibility of walking efficiency outcomes in clinical gait studies. Gait Posture. 2008;27(2):196–201

 During his work at this study Sebastian Grunt was supported by grants of the Anna Müller-Grocholski Foundation, Zürich, Switzerland and the Swiss Foundation for Children with Cerebral Palsy, Berne, Switzerland.

PII: S0966-6362(10)00059-7

doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.02.006

Gait & Posture
Volume 31, Issue 4 , Pages 489-494 , April 2010